The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.